A fish-kill crisis on the Prachin Buri river has prompted an environmental expert to call for tighter factory oversight. Key points: the 2019 Factory Act replaced five-yearly licence renewal (Rong 4) with six-monthly self-reporting through consultants; fines are capped at 200,000 baht; and the expert proposes stronger local-government and public watchdog roles, plus a PRTR disclosure law. Lab results are still pending, and the cause is not yet confirmed. For SMEs: check your own environmental reporting and waste handling, since enforcement is likely to tighten.