A former FTA negotiator (per NESDC's Dr. Supawut) says Thailand under-estimated EVs when it agreed ACFTA, so Chinese EVs enter at 0% import duty. Separately, the EV excise rate is 2% for qualifying EVs, versus roughly 13%–50% for Japanese-brand cars, which the article says hurts Thai parts suppliers and could shift Toyota and Honda production to Indonesia. For a Thai SME, the practical read: cheaper cars may help buyers, but demand for conventional-engine parts could fall. Suppliers serving Japanese automakers should review their exposure and customer concentration.